Energy drink lab Essay

Questions: 1. When we say that something gives us â€Å"energy,† what does that mean? What is a biological definition of energy? When we say that something gives us â€Å"energy† it means that, that drink gave us power to get up and do things. It energizes us so we can accomplish something. The biological definition of energy is the strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity. 2. What is the physiological role of each of the molecules in your table? The role of each of the molecules in my table is to 1. Which ingredients provide energy? How do they do that? Caffeine, sugars and many more provide energy by stimulating the central nervous system giving the body a sense of alertness. It can raise heart rate and blood pressure while dehydrating the body. 2. Which ingredients contribute to body repair, I.e., which help build or rebuild muscle tissue? Glucose (sugar) to provide energy quickly to the muscles. Because sugar is short-lasting, the resulting energy burst is also short-lasting. Ingredients with protein repairs, and Folic Acid, since it helps with DNA synthesis which makes protein. In our case the amino acid group help build muscle tissue in the drink Nos. 3. In what ways might the one that does not have a metabolic energy source provide the perception of increased energy after consumption? The main purpose of an energy drink is to increase stamina and physical performance. With the consumption of caffeine the person will increase performance. 4. How are the ingredients in these drinks helpful to someone expending a lot energy a runner? I believe the ingredients in these drinks are not helpful to someone expending a lot of energy because it’s not healthy and the energy that’s given off these energy drinks do not last long. Therefore it’s unreasonable to drink energy drink when you can drink water and maybe Gatorade or Powerade. 5. Does your analysis substantiate the claim that this is an â€Å"energy drink†? If so, what molecules are the sources of energy? 6. Yes the claim substantiate that Nos is an energy drink. The sources of ener gy in are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, being burned in the presence of oxygen. But the chemical reactions required to consume this energy do require water. 7. Could you drink serve different  purposes for different consumers? Explain. Nos energy drink could be used to provide energy to those who play sports and need the energy, those who need the energy because of lack of sleep, or those who simply enjoy the taste of it. 7. What is the normal physiological response to increased intake of sugars? To increased intake of caffeine? The glucose levels in the blood increase and cause and increase in insulin production with and increased amount of sugar intake. With an increase of caffeine intake the heart rate increases and cause anxiety, insomnia, and the blood vessels to expand. 8. Is there such a thing as â€Å"sugar high†? Explain your answer. No, there is no such thing as sugar high. Many people believe sugar makes people hyper but that is a myth. It is because some people are low sugar tolerant and some have a higher toleration for sugar. 9. Evaluate, in terms of basic physiology and biochemistry, the statement: A lack of sleep causes a lack of energy. Sleeping is essential for everyone and we at least need 6 hours of sleep a day to let our body rest after it has been active for many hours. One lacks energy because your body and brain did not have enough time to fuel up again so therefore one feels tired. 10. Are the product claims legitimate? Why? No, they are off because the amount of caffeine listed is much lower then what it actually has 11. Should you simply buy a can of coke rather than one of these energy drinks? Why/ why not? Yes, but then again no because coke products are honest about what the drink has in so therefore you know what you are consuming and how much but then again it can still affect your health. Coke is a better then Nos but not the healthiest choice. Assessment: Claims: Enhances mental focus High performance Fuels gamers Natural caffeine People should really think about the things they put in their bodies. Many are not aware of the risks that one put themselves in because of the products they consume. Energy drinks are an example of beverages that many  people drink but not everyone knows the risks. A lot of young adolescents enjoy drinking these type of beverages. Energy drinks have high caffeine but the product does not inform you of how much caffeine one is actually consuming. High levels of caffeine cause the heart rate to increase and it could cause death if people are not careful. The claims say that it enhances the mental focus; however the drink cause anxiety problems and insomnia. The high levels of caffeine cause these side effects and increase the consumers heart rate. The claims also state that it is high performance, which is partially true. The caffeine makes one feel wide awake and have more energy but deep down their body is forcefully being told to act that way. The Nos Energy drink tries to catch the eye of adolescents by the logos on the drinks such as â€Å"Nos fuels gamers.† The drink states that it has natural caffeine and even though it may be natural, it has 260 mg of caffeine. A girl in Missouri drank 2 Nos drinks and passed out which caused her to be hospitalized according to EnergyFiend.com. This is why consumers need to be careful when buying these types of beverages because they could end up hospitalized or possibly dead. It clear states on the can that it is only recommended for adults, but yet anyone is allowed to buy not matter what age they are which is unbelievable. Sources of Energy Amino Acids Stimulants & Vitamins Other-Please Categorize Caffeine Citric Acid Acesulfame Potassium Fructose Glucose Glucuronolactone Inisotol Pyridoxine HCL Sucralose Sucrose Aspartame (Carnitine) 1-Glutamine (B12) (B6) (Taurine) (Guarana) Cyanocobalamin Folic Acid Niacin Niacinamide Pantothenic Acid (Potassium Sorbate)- Salt of sorbic acid Water

Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay

Note: Nineteenth Century American Transcendentalism is not a religion (in the traditional sense of the word); it is a pragmatic philosophy, a state of mind, and a form of spirituality. It is not a religion because it does not adhere to the three concepts common in major religions: a. a belief in a God; b. a belief in an afterlife (dualism); and c. a belief that this life has consequences on the next (if you’re good in this life, you go to heaven in the next, etc. ). Transcendentalism is monist; it does not reject an afterlife, but its emphasis is on this life. The Assumed, Presumed, or the Self-Identified Transcendentalists: Central Points of Agreement: NOTE: The Transcendentalists, in keeping with the individualistic nature of this philosophy, disagreed readily with each other. Here are four points of general agreement: Basic Assumption: The intuitive faculty, instead of the rational or sensical, became the means for a conscious union of the individual psyche (known in Sanskrit as Atman) with the world psyche also known as the Oversoul, life-force, prime mover and God (known in Sanskrit as Brahma). Basic Premises: 1. An individual is the spiritual center of the universe – and in an individual can be found the clue to nature, history and, ultimately, the cosmos itself. It is not a rejection of the existence of God, but a preference to explain an individual and the world in terms of an individual. 2. The structure of the universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self – all knowledge, therefore, begins with self-knowledge. This is similar to Aristotle’s dictum â€Å"know thyself. † 3. Transcendentalists accepted the neo-Platonic conception of nature as a living mystery, full of signs – nature is symbolic. 4. The belief that individual virtue and happiness depend upon self-realization – this depends upon the reconciliation of two universal psychological tendencies: a. the expansive or self-transcending tendency – a desire to embrace the whole world – to know and become one with the world. b. the contracting or self-asserting tendency – the desire to withdraw, remain unique and separate – an egotistical existence. Correspondence. It is a concept which suggests that the external is united with the internal. Physical or material nature is neutral or indifferent or objective; it is neither helpful nor hurtful; it is neither beautiful nor ugly. What makes one give such attributes to nature is that individual’s imposition of her/his temperament or mood or psyche. If I’m feeling lousy, I may dismiss a gorgeous day; if I’m feeling bright and cheerful then the most dreary of days becomes tolerable. And so, the Transcendentalists believed that â€Å"knowing yourself† and â€Å"studying nature† is the same activity. Nature mirrors our psyche. If I cannot understand myself, may be understanding nature will help. Here is Darrel Abel’s â€Å"take† on this concept: â€Å"Since one divine character was immanent everywhere in nature and in man, man’s reason could discern the spiritual ideas in nature and his senses could register impressions of the material forms of nature. To man the subject, nature the object, which shared the same divine constitution as himself, presented external images to the innate ideas in his soul. † (American Literature, Vol. 2, 1963, 4-5. ) Transcendentalism and the American Past. Transcendentalism as a movement is rooted in the American past: To Puritanism it owed its pervasive morality and the â€Å"doctrine of divine light. † It is also similar to the Quaker â€Å"inner light. † However, both these concepts assume acts of God, whereas intuition is an act of an individual. In Unitarianism, deity was reduced to a kind of immanent principle in every person – an individual was the true source of moral light. To Romanticism it owed the concept of nature as a living mystery and not a clockwork universe (deism) which is fixed and permanent. A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form. – Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nature, 1836 Transcendentalism was a 1. spiritual, 2. philosophical and 3. literary movement and is located in the history of American Thought as (a). Post-Unitarian and free thinking in religious spirituality (b). Kantian and idealistic in philosophy and (c). Romantic and individualistic in literature. A Brief Chronology of Events. †¢ 1832 Emerson resigns the ministry of the Unitarian Church – unable to administer the holy communion. †¢ 1836 The annus mirabilis of the movement, during which Emerson published Nature (the â€Å"gospel† of transcendentalism); George Ripley published Discourses on the Philosophy of Religion; Orestes Brownson published New Views of Christianity, Society, and Church; Bronson Alcott published Record of Conversions in the Gospel (based on classroom discussions in his Temple School in Boston, and provoking severe criticism); the Transcendental Club, also known as Hedge’s Club, met for the first time. †¢ 1837 Emerson delivers his Phi Beta Kappa address on â€Å"The American Scholar† at Harvard, which James Russell Lowell called â€Å"an event without former parallel in our literary annals. † †¢ 1838 Emerson delivers his Divinity School Address at Harvard which touched off a great storm in religious circles. †¢ 1840 The founding of the Dial, a Transcendental magazine, which â€Å"enjoyed its obscurity,† to use Emerson’s words, for four years. †¢ 1841 The launching of George Ripley’s Brook Farm – a utopian experiment. Hawthorne was a resident there for a short time and wrote The Blithedale Romance based upon his experience there. †¢ 1842 Alcott’s utopian experiment at Fruitlands. †¢ 1845 Thoreau goes to live at Walden Pond. †¢ 1846 Thoreau is put in jail for his refusal to pay poll tax. †¢ 1850 Passage of the Fugitive Slave Act. The Transcendentalists found themselves increasingly involved in abolition of slavery. †¢ 1855 Walt Whitman publishes his Leaves of Grass. †¢ 1859 Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species is published. †¢ 1862 Henry David Thoreau dies. Basic Tenets of American Transcendentalism: Note: This list must not be considered to be a creed common to all transcendentalists. It is merely a grouping of certain important concepts shared by many of them. †¢ 1. Transcendentalism, essentially, is a form of idealism. †¢ 2. The transcendentalist â€Å"transcends† or rises above the lower animalistic impulses of life (animal drives) and moves from the rational to a spiritual realm. †¢ 3. The human soul is part of the Oversoul or universal spirit (or â€Å"float† for Whitman) to which it and other souls return at death. †¢ 4. Therefore, every individual is to be respected because everyone has a portion of that Oversoul (God). †¢ 5. This Oversoul or Life Force or God can be found everywhere – travel to holy places is, therefore, not necessary. 6. God can be found in both nature and human nature (Nature, Emerson stated, has spiritual manifestations). †¢ 7. Jesus also had part of God in himself – he was divine as everyone is divine – except in that he lived an exemplary and transcendental life and made the best use of that Power which is within each one. †¢ 8. â€Å"Miracle is monster. † The miracles of the Bible are not to be regarded as important as they were to the people of the past. Miracles are all about us – the whole world is a miracle and the smallest creature is one. â€Å"A mouse is a miracle enough to stagger quintillions of infidels. † – Whitman †¢ 9. More important than a concern about the afterlife, should be a concern for this life – â€Å"the one thing in the world of value is the active soul. † – Emerson †¢ 10. Death is never to be feared, for at death the soul merely passes to the oversoul. †¢ 11. Emphasis should be placed on the here and now. â€Å"Give me one world at a time. † – Thoreau †¢ 12. Evil is a negative – merely an absence of good. Light is more powerful than darkness because one ray of light penetrates the dark. †¢ 13. Power is to be obtained by defying fate or predestination, which seem to work against humans, by exercising one’s own spiritual and moral strength. Emphasis on self-reliance. †¢ 14. Hence, the emphasis is placed on a human thinking. †¢ 15. The transcendentalists see the necessity of examples of great leaders, writers, philosophers, and others, to show what an individual can become through thinking and action. †¢ 16. It is foolish to worry about consistency, because what an intelligent person believes tomorrow, if he/she trusts oneself, tomorrow may be completely different from what that person thinks and believes today. â€Å"A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds. † – Emerson †¢ 17. The unity of life and universe must be realized. There is a relationship between all things. †¢ 18. One must have faith in intuition, for no church or creed can communicate truth. †¢ 19. Reform must not be emphasized – true reform comes from within. Reasons for the Rise of American Transcendentalism There was no one precise â€Å"cause† for the beginning of Transcendentalism. According to Paul Boller, chance, coincidence and several independent events, thoughts and tendencies seemed to have converged in the 1830s in New England. Some of these were: †¢ 1. The steady erosion of Calvinism. †¢ 2. The progressive secularization of modern thought under the impact of science and technology. †¢ 3. The emergence of a Unitarian intelligentsia with the means, leisure, and training to pursue literature and scholarship. †¢ 4. The increasing insipidity and irrelevance of liberal religion to questing young minds – lack of involvement in women’s rights and abolitionism. †¢ 5. The intrusion of the machine into the New England garden and the disruption of the old order by the burgeoning industrialism. †¢ 6. The impact of European ideas on Americans traveling abroad. †¢ 7. The appearance of talented and energetic young people like Emerson, Fuller, and Thoreau on the scene. †¢ 8. The imperatives of logic itself for those who take ideas seriously – the impossibility, for instance, of accepting modern science without revising traditional religious views. Important ideas from: Warren, Robert Penn, Cleanth Brooks, and R. W. B. Lewis. â€Å"A National Literature and Romantic Individualism. † in Romanticism. eds. James Barbour and Thomas Quirk. NY: Garland, 1986, 3-24. 1. Transcendentalism was a philosophical, literary, social, and theological movement. 2. Its origin is traced to the relaxing of Puritan Calvinism into Unitarianism – a belief very much like Deism. From its early liberalism, Unitarianism developed, for some of the young intellectuals, into â€Å"a new orthodoxy of smug social conformity that denied the spiritual and emotional depths of experience – ‘corpse-cold Unitarianism,’ as Emerson was to call it. † (11) 3. German and English Romanticism provided some inspiration towards the search for some deeper ‘truth. ‘ 4. â€Å"Transcendentalism represented a complex response to the democratization of American life, to the rise of science and the new technology, and to the new industrialism – to the whole question, in short, of the redefinition of the relation of man to nature and to other men that was being demanded by the course of history. † (11-12) 5. Influences: a. From Plato came the idealism according to which reality subsists beyond the appearances of the world. Plato also suggests that the world is an expression of spirit, or mind, which is sheer intelligibility and therefore good. b. From Immanuel Kant came the notion of the ‘native spontaneity of the human mind’ against the passive conception of the 18th c. sensational theory (also known as the philosophy of empiricism of John Locke and David Hume; the concept that the mind begins as a tabula rasa and that all knowledge develops from sensation). c. From Coleridge came the importance of wonder, of antirationalism, and the importance of individual consciousness. d. From Puritanism came the ethical seriousness and the aspect of Jonathan Edwards that suggested that an individual can receive divine light immediately and directly. 6. â€Å"Transcendentalism was, at its core, a philosophy of naked individualism, aimed at the creation of the new American, the self-reliant man, complete and independent. † (22) 7. â€Å"The achievement of the transcendentalists has a grandeur. They did confront, and helped define, the great issues of their time, and if they did not resolve those issues, we of the late twentieth century, who have not yet resolved them, are in no position to look down our noses at their effort. † (23) Towards a Definition of Transcendentalism: A Few Comments: from Henry David Gray, Emerson: A Statement of N. E. Transcendentalism as Expressed in the Philosophy of Its Chief Exponent, 1917 1. â€Å"The spirit of the time is in every form a protest against usage and a search for principles. † – Emerson in the opening number of The Dial. 2. â€Å"I was given to understand that whatever was unintelligible would be certainly Transcendental. † – Charles Dickens in American Notes 3. â€Å"I should have told them at once that I was a transcendentalist. That would have been the shortest way of telling them that they would not understand my explanations. † – Thoreau, Journal, V:4 4. â€Å"The word Transcendentalism, as used at the present day, has two applications. One of which is popular and indefinite, the other, philosophical and precise. In the former sense it describes man, rather than opinions, since it is freely extended to those who hold opinions, not only diverse from each other, but directly opposed. † – Noah Porter, 1842 5. Transcendentalism is the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining a scientific knowledge of an order of existence transcending the reach of the senses, and of which we can have no sensible experience. † – J. A. Saxton, Dial II: 90 6. â€Å"Literally a passing beyond all media in the approach to the Deity, Transcendentalism contained an effort to establish, mainly by the discipline of the intuitive faculty, direct intercourse between the soul and God. † – Charles J. Woodbury in Talks with Ralph Waldo Emerson 7. â€Å"Transcendentalism was not †¦ speculative, but essentially practical and reformatory. † – John Orr in â€Å"The Transcendentalism of New England,† International Review, XIII: 390 8. â€Å"Transcendentalism was a distinct philosophical system. Practically it was an assertion of the inalienable worth of man; theoretically it was an assertion of the immanence of divinity in instinct, the transference of supernatural attributes to the natural constitution of mankind. †¦ Transcendentalism is usually spoken of as a philosophy. It is more justly regarded as a gospel. As a philosophy it is †¦ so far from uniform, that it may rather be considered several systems than one. †¦ Transcendentalism was †¦ an enthusiasm, a wave of sentiment, a breath of mind. † – O. B. Frothingham in Transcendentalism in New England, 1876 9. â€Å"The problem of transcendental philosophy is no less than this, to revise the experience of mankind and try its teachings by the nature of mankind, to test ethics by conscience, science by reason; to try the creeds of the churches, the constitution of the states, by the constitution of the universe. † – Theodore Parker in Works VI: 37 10. â€Å"We feel it to be a solemn duty to warn our readers, and in our measure, the public, against this German atheism, which the spirit of darkness is employing ministers of the gospel to smuggle in among us under false pretenses. † Princeton Review XII: 71 11. â€Å"Protestantism ends in Transcendentalism. † – Orestes Brownson in Works, 209 12. â€Å"The fundamentals of Transcendentalism are to be felt as sentiments, or grasped by the imagination as poetical wholes, rather than set down in propositions. † – Cabot, A Memoir of Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1887, I: 248 13. â€Å"First and foremost, it can only be rightly conceived as an intellectual, aesthetic, and spiritual ferment, not a strictly reasoned doctrine. It was a renaissance of conscious, living faith in the power of reason, in the reality of spiritual insight, in the privilege, beauty, and glory of life. † – Frances Tiffany, â€Å"Transcendentalism: The New England Renaissance,† Unitarian Review, XXXI: 111. 14. â€Å"The Transcendentalist adopts the whole connection of spiritual doctrine. †¦ If there is anything grand or daring in human thought or virtue, any reliance on the vast, the unknown; any presentiment, any extravagance of faith, the spiritualist adopts it as most in nature. The oriental mind has always tended to this largeness. Buddhism is an expression of it. The Buddhist †¦ is a Transcendentalist. †¦ Shall we say then that Transcendentalism is the Saturnalia or excess of Faith; the presentiment of a faith proper to man in his integrity, excessive only when his imperfect obedience hinders the satisfaction of his wish? † – Ralph Waldo Emerson’s lecture on â€Å"The Transcendentalist,† Works I: 317-320 15. â€Å"(Transcendentalism was) a blending of Platonic metaphysics and the Puritan spirit, of a philosophy and a character †¦ taking place at a definite time, in a specially fertilized soil, under particular conditions. † – H. C. Goddard, Studies in New England Transcendentalism, 1908. 16. â€Å"If I were a Bostonian, I think I would be a Transcendentalist. † – Charles Dickens in American Notes.

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Critically access the advantages and disadvantages of international Essay

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Emotions in Romantic Relationships - Article Example The abstract written for this article is very comprehensive and provide a good idea about the article in a brief. Literature review in an article helps in understanding the strength of the work carried out in the current research and the level of expertise of the authors. Literature review also helps in refreshing and updating the knowledge of the readers on the topic in debate. While presenting any work carried out on the topic by the time researcher presents his/her research work should be unbiased. The authors should bring in the account all the positive and negative; supporting and opposing pieces of evidence. The writers have tried very hard to address important aspects of literature view. In this regard, the authors address all the related issues in sizable volume with greater understanding. They have discussed various attachment strategies at almost all levels and provided the existing evidence which analyzed these strategies from all aspects. The have discussed positive and negative partner behaviors as well as longitudinal developmental perspective to support their rationale. Under the current study section, the subjects is so much elaborated that the authors included some of the items which should come under methodology sections, like: measurement approach, and measurement at various age levels, placed under this section. In the methodology section, a detailed account is provided regarding the who... stage, why these proportions of ethnic representation enrolled, were there any inclusion criteria If some participants were removed, were there any exclusion criteria These criteria are very important for selecting the participants without any bias. In this section, the authors provided some of the findings of the current study: in strict sense these should go to the result section as these findings belong to the same study. Otherwise, in a very comprehensive way, the authors describe methodology. They focus all the outcome variables. Various emotional variables at different age levels have been described. In fact, they have tried their best to include all the important areas on which data were collected and analyses carried out. Literature review also moves the debate in the direction developing a well-built rationale for the research work which he / she wants to present. Researchers have addressed the issue of building a strong rationale very well. Next to rational, objectives of any research activity play an integral role. In fact, objectives are the sole reason for conducting any research work. At times objectives are developed by the researcher but their presentation may not be appropriate. A good objective should be a SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound) one (http://www.thepracticeofleadership.net/2006/03/11/setting-smart-objectives/). The authors of this article have not been able to describe the objectives properly and clearly. A single sentence with very hard and heavy language has been inserted in the section on introduction; rather it should have been presented visibly with simple and understandable language. Data management is a group of activities conducted right from the time of the data collection

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(you can choose the topic) - Research Paper Example There are several motivations he cites for the call for nonviolent action. To begin with, he cites ways in which can injustice can be discovered and according to him, there was racial injustice against the minority. Further, he notes the prevalence of two types of laws, the just and the unjust. He says that the unjust law leads to unfair treatment of the minority people and goes ahead to state that, such a law is not law at all and therefore, it should be abolished by all means. King goes ahead to express his disappointment in all the people who witness the injustice happening in their midst and chose to remain silent about it. Most of his disappointment is directed to his fellow religious colleagues who he feels have done very little to fight the racial injustices. It is then that he calls for them to help restore equality by telling that they cannot sit idly as Christians and allows their brethren to suffer. His call for action and why it is very important for everyone to unite and fight alongside him has been retaliated all throughout the letter and especially at the end. King’s letter has effectively used major appealing techniques to show the evil of racial injustice and call for action to fight for equality. This paper seeks to show the relevance and credibility of King’ letter in his quest for equality. King’s letter is very appealing especially since his conclusion for the fight of racial injustices involves the call for nonviolent action. He notes that non-violent action is the future for the civil rights movement as it does not aggravate the situation. While the term ‘nonviolent’ action seems to be ambiguous, he goes ahead to explain what exactly he means by nonviolent action and what actions constitute nonviolent action. He provides a list of the nonviolent actions which are intended to provide insights into the questions he poses, â€Å"Why direct action, why sit-ins, marches and so forth?† (King, 1963, p. 214). It is

What is the relation between the divided line and the allegory of the Essay

What is the relation between the divided line and the allegory of the cave from Books 6 and 7 of the Republic Do you find this to be an accurate representation of the process of learning - Essay Example According to Plato, the bottom two; imagination and belief, can be perceived as simple opinions and are different from one person to another (Baird 500-520). The two are found in the physical world and are discoverable through senses that can be mistaken making the truth that is associated with these two vary form one person to another. The next two, which are understanding and reason, are in existence to seek truths in the meta-physical world making them collectively true. The type of truth associated with understanding included that of mathematics, maxims along with definitions, and even though they are artificial, they are questioned. The best way to achieve truth of knowledge is through reason which actively questions issues in the environment. In Plato’s view, reasoning brings understanding of the forms and forms possess the ultimate truth. Plato implies that goodness and love are products of reason but this love is not identical to the kind of love that is perceived in the present day. Love as explained by Plato is the desire for something that is not possessed, and this motivates people to get what they do not have. The allegory of the cave explains the route one must take in order to achieve this knowledge and how individuals are bound in the cave of imagination where the shadows that are on the walls are the truths. The people who create the shadows are those in positions of power who have the belief that they are conversant with the truth and attempt to utilise it in corrupting the masses into giving them more power. Fire stands for an imperfect good while love represents a self-good that is supposed to bring more power to them. An individual inside the cave should be able to see further than the shadows and turn in the direction of the fire while identifying that the objects seen in the hands of the puppeteer may seem true but are not actually true. When a person leaves the cave, he will be blinded by the

Manage Operational Plan Essay Example for Free

Manage Operational Plan Essay 1. The Types of Matters in a Human Resource Plan Human resources is directly related to the performance of the organisation identifying and planning for training can be linked to many corporate processes performance as the underlying basis of many organisational and human resources programs. 1.1 Some matters of the human resource and their solutions 1.1.1 Human resource issues in counsel and the possible solution Counselling is definitely one service that can help to manage themselves manager should be trained in same basic counselling skills a counsellor can in sever age core capacities of employees. It can help employees increase their self-awareness regarding their thinking patterns and behavioural tendencies. 1.1.2 Human resource issues in employment management and the possible solution The sources of training need provide a diversity and complexity of training requirements to be at practice level you should be managing coordinating the training necessary to satisfy all the needs all the personnel in training should be skilled. 1.1.3 Human resource issues in Administration and the possible solution Recruitment is another traditional area high quality candidate’s should be attracted to the positions the person and position requirements should clearly established. A variety of selection methods appropriate to the situation should be used like entrance tests an interview. 1.1.4 Human resource issues in training and the possible solution Administration is function of human resource management is to be provide the employees with the capability to manage healthcare, record,à ‚  keeping, promotion, benefits etc. the function in terms of employes benefit is to create management system to achieve long term goals plans it requires the exercise of analytic ability and application of substantial knowledge of principals. 2. Job Description of Human Resource Plan Duties and Responsibilities; * Recruiting and staffing logistics * Performance management and improvement tracking system * Record keeping * Assisting with employees relationship * Employee safety and so many- prepare sales action plans and schedules assist, develop and maintain sales and promotional materials make sales calls to new and existing clients assist, develop and make presentations of company products and services to current and potential clients negotiate with clients maintain sales activity records and reports ensure customer service satisfaction and good client relationships follow up on sales activity assist, conduct market research and surveys Skills and Abilities; Excellent computer skills including word and excel Effective oral and written communications skills knowledge of employment laws good interpersonal skills skills in database management Be ready and able to work within a team. Have a polite, helpful manner Education bachelor degree Experience 1 or 2 years of general business 3. Preparing a Job Advertisement A job advertisement should be contained various information these can include; Job title Wage Working area, place Working hours Skills, knowledge and attitude we needed Qualifications and experience we needed Contact name and number of someone who is from our Human Resource Department. 3.1 Job Advertisement for tycoon Company Tycoon Trading Company Sales Department; Salary: $ 55.000 annual Working hours: 9:00 am-5:00 pm (Monday to Friday) Our company is located in western suburb close to city and all public transport. As a small business company we are looking for an intellectual, a creative, qualified and at least two years sales experienced person who must use all office programs professionally especially MS Excel, provide good communication with customers and also must assist to someone else about one of our new product in our company. A person who can enjoy challenges and working towards targets has ability to exceed customers expectation Contact no. 02345678(aren) 4. Detail the Cost of Hiring an Employee Cost of detail of our office person contains; Employee background screening Advertising Relocation pay Time for interviewing Travel expenses Training costs Taxation and wages Human resources paperwork about employee Survey and monitoring processes’ cost for employee Job offer calls by phone or job offer letter by mail Employee back ground investigation and make phone calls to its former company 5. Selection Criteria and interview Questions 5.1 Selection criteria from the sales position Understanding of the role Qualities and Quantities research skills Communication and negotiation skills Organisation and Planning Confidence and presentation skills Decision making 5.2 Interview Questions 1. Tell me who are the main stakeholders in our business and describe the task of job that you understand? 2. How can use the qualities and quantities research skills in this position? Can you give me an example about these skills which you have used before in former job? 3. How will you build good relationships with your team members? 4. How will you satisfy dissatisfied customers? 5. Tell me what is your daily schedule position in job? 6. Now I want you to try to sell me something. Try to convince me to buy this coffee to drink. 7. Which advertising methods do you use to present a new product to create an attract attention for our customers. 8. Can you give me a specific example of an occasion when you took on extra responsibility or showed initiative in improving an aspect of work? 9. Describe the most challenging problem that you have had to solve, and what you took into account. 6. Reference Checking It is a process of authenticating the information supplied to potential employer by a job applicant in his resume, application and interviews it ensure the employer that the candidate has background and experience as he claims it includes and takes usually 20 or 30 minutes to complete. It is a control process provides past information of employee and asks questions two or three people who directly managed the candidate about employees’ skill and knowledge for requested position, relationship with other team members it includes verification of academic credentials ,verification of prior employment, testing to confirm skill, criminal background check To make a reference checking about regarding person will be good in term of employer. For this reason the human resource department of tycoon International Trading Company prepares some questions to make a reference checking on former jobs and positions of regarding person on the its ex-companies. Our reference checking questions are generally consisting of; When did related person work for your company? Could you confirm starting and ending employment dates? When did s/he leave the company? Why did related person leave the company? What was her/his starting and ending salary? What was her/his position? Can you describe the job responsibilities? Did person supervise other employees? How effectively? If I spoke to those employees, how do you think they would describe person’s management style? How did person handle conflict? How about pressure? Stress ? Did you evaluate person’s performance? Can you speak to his/her strong and weak points? What was person’s biggest accomplishment while working for your company? If I describe the position we are hiring for what, could you describe how good a fit you think person would be for the position? Can you describe this persons experience working as a member of a team? Is there anything I havent asked that you would like to share with me? 7. Preparing a Job Offer Date 03/08/2011 Tina Odett and 1/48 Ambrie Crt.Noble Park 3174 Melbourne/Australia Dear Mrs raj It is my pleasure to extend the following offer of employment to you on behalf of tycoon trading company the offer is contingent upon your passing of requirements. The position we are offering is that of Sales Assistant at a salary of $55,000 per year This position reports to Mrs Lela who is a supervisor. Your working hours will be from 08:30 am to 05:30 pm on normal workdays. This is a permanent position. Benefits Information if relevant to the position: Working hours 9:00 to 5:00pm Position – permanent Salary- paid fortnight Bonus- on satisfaction completion of first 90 days of employment Vacation _2_ weeks per annum Probation Period from 15/08/2011 to 15/11/2011 Employee Benefits Include: Group Insurance Short/Long Term Disability Dental Care Health care Your employment with tycoon trading company is at will and either party can terminate the relationship at any time with or without cause and notice if you are in agreement with the above outline please sign. We are confident you will be able to make a significant contribution to the success of our Sales Department and look forward to working with you. Signature Date.. For company manager name. Date. Human resources Date.. I accept the offer as outlined above this 8 day of August,2011. Tina Odett 8. Mentoring and Coaching Program for the New Staff Member A mentor helps employee’s development and also provides some advices on  career path. On the other hand a coach observes employee’s work and actions, and provides related teaching skills. A coach can come from same division in a work place for example from company’s personnel or manager. As a manager, I can also be a coach for my new and current employees. And as a coach, I can give my time and attention to my employees and I can help them master their work and grow their own knowledge and skills. Also, I can ensure them extend their learning capabilities and improve their self-development. On the other hand, for the role of the mentor I can provide my new employees to reach their highest potential in the business. I can arrange for them individual or organizational group mentoring programs. 9. Three months’ probation review It is a 3 month period from the date of commencement of employment whether the employer assesses suitability of employee for the role and employee has an opportunity to determine if the role meets their needs. Probation period has been formed as 3 months in our Human Resources Plan to provide a review and recording about newly hired personnel. Review will be made to the Human Resources Department end of the each month during the three months. First two months will contain initial reviews, and last month will be taken final reviews for employees. Employee assessment Company name Employee name Identification Date/period Position 9.1 Records of Review Importing point in a review report is that it gives healthy and true decisions about newly chosen personnel and provides much strangest workforce for the organisation in the future. Following things should be recorded Attendance Punctuality Appearance dress code Attitude-positive, cooperative Work quality Workplace-care of company equipment Team work skills 10. Monitoring and Review of a Human Resource Plan Human resources plan provide a framework for a company for that as a Human resource manager of the related company I can follow companys missions and daily operations by regarding plan and also I can understand what priorities I need to know as I guide the employees to help the company succeed as well I can be sure whether all staffing needs are met or not. According to the topic, firstly I have to thing about new product in the organization and sales staff that has also employed newly. For example as a human resource manager I arranged a staff training program for related person and also I chose another person who will be responsible for monitoring system. By this responsible person I will follow all performance and capabilities of new staff and also I will be reported about the all situations among the training such as staff training has been completed by a certain date or not. After this training process I can manage a survey which indicates the results of customer satisfaction an d therefore I can make a review about my resources plan which has achieved to present new product by my new training staff or not. PART B According to case study, Sports Gear that is a medium size company will need to increase its production for the Australian Team in the World Cup within 6 weeks which needs to be more than the current level in order to meet the expected demand. 1. Expenses for the new operational plan To increase productivity we need following things, More stafff for night shift More machinery. Time schedule should be extended to 24hrs and 5 days a week for next 6 weeks. Organize extra arrangements for catering and refreshments for the working staff. 2 extra supervisors for night shifts. Ordering extra raw material. Extra room for storage and vehicles for distribution. All of the above will lead to increase the company’s current expenses. For that Sports Gear need to extend their company’s budget. For example, company need to provide more wages for more staff and extra supervisors, more usage for more electrical expenses, more budget for extra order for raw material, more requirement of fuel oil for distribution during the 6 weeks, etc. 2. Monitor performance of the staff to increase productivity Garry can monitor his staff performance by:- Establishing cctv cameras and recording and viewing all the staff members while working. Setting daily targets for each supervisor and each staff. Staff attendance records. Amount of waste production for each staff which shows they are doing their responsibility in right way or not. 3. Budget of the company and its use Budget is a list of all planned expenses and revenues. It is a plan for saving, borrowing and spending. A reasonable budget allow you to do what you want it helps to be business in right direction The company uses the budget because it provides:- Planning, Set expectations, Consideration, and Guidance Control finances Help to achieve target Helps to prevent loss. 4. Documentation used for developing a business budget Budgeting is the basis for developing supportable financial plans. The documents developed by the company as a result of these instructions are a normal part of the annual budget effort. provide a consistent basis for business planning and budget reviews, facilitate any necessary budget adjustments, provide transparency and a clear audit trail, support rate case filings, assist external reporting with their communication to the investment community, and Keeping the record of budget and getting it checked by the senior personnel.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Franchising

Advantages and Disadvantages of Franchising Franchising Franchising is arrangement where one party (the franchiser) grants another party (the franchisee) the right to use trade-name as well as certain business systems and processes, to produce and market good or service according to certain specification. The franchisee usually pays a one-time franchise-fee plus a percentage of sales revenueas royalty, and gains immediate name cognition, tried and tested products, standard building and decor,detailed technique in running and promoting the business, training of employees, and ongoing help in promoting and upgrading of the products. The franchiser gains rapid expansion of business and earningsat minimum capital-outlay. Feature of the franchise is that each buyer undertakes to fulfill the various conditions and requirements of the seller (franchiser), related to the production and sale of goods and the provision of related services to consumers. Thus, in the world market there are groups of companies united in a single system under the auspices of a major international corporation. Its partners in the contract the franchisor provides advice on corporate location, selects equipment, helps in training, advice on management, and may also provide financial assistance. All this facilitates the standardization and unification of products and services of the companies included in the system of franchising provides unity on market events, style and design, the quality of goods and services sold the centralization of procurement related savings (and the additional benefit to the franchisor). Advantages of franchising mode are following (Kotler, 2002, p. 377): Rapid expansion of sales markets, the increase in sales volume and the territorial expansion of the business Absence of the cost of the vertically-integrated network management (reduction of personnel costs) A lower level of own capital investment Lift the prestige of the company and its trademark, recognition from the customers, increased confidence in the quality and range of products a single company Income from the sale of the license and renting real estate franchise and equipment Profit from lending opportunities franchisees and reducing the time of turnover. Disadvantages of franchising mode are following (Kotler, 2002, p. 377): The likelihood of a smaller part of the profits from the franchise business than on their own Low reputation of one of the franchises in the absence of proper quality control can affect the reputation of the firm; Difficulty in controlling the reliability of financial reporting franchisee The franchisor is preparing a possible competitor in the face of franchisee company Joint ventures Joint ventures are often created for access to foreign markets, company’s decision to team up with their foreign partner, sharing ownership and control over the activities of the company. In world practice, there are many examples of well-known association of firms and corporations to tap new markets and gain competitive advantage. Creation of a joint venture may be the preferred method of access to foreign markets for the following reasons: 1. If the company lacks the financial, technological, managerial and other resources for self-development in foreign markets 2. If the government does not admit to its market foreign companies or subsidiaries without the participation of local capital for some political or economic reasons; 3. When the company, for economic reasons, team up with a foreign company for the joint production, the sale of which will provide the company higher profits due to the low cost of use of local resources (labor, raw materials, etc.) However, with all advantages of the using joint venture as entry mode for entering and presenting on the international market there are a few problems, the main ones are (Kotler, 2002, p. 377): 1. Contradictions between the partners in the joint venture what may be related to different points of view on the use of the profits of the enterprise, management and implementation of marketing activities, areas of investment, and etc.; 2. The need for a strong partnership in the creation and funding of the joint venture may hamper the implementation of the transnational corporation its own, universal for all countries production and marketing policy. Foreign direct investment The most complete form of the involvement of a foreign market is the investment of capital in the creation own overseas assembly and production plants. The meaning of direct foreign investment is defined by the so-called concept of control. The main idea of this mode of entry is that a foreign investor investing in the purchase or construction companies abroad controls further management decisions in this venture. And he does not have to have a 100% ownership interest in it; even a small percentage of shares may be sufficient to establish control over decision-making (Kotler, 2002, p. 378): On the other side, even all shares do not provide absolute control: if the government dictates whom the company should hire, distribution of revenue, what should company sell and at what price. However, usage of this foreign market entry mode includes several advantages (Kotler, 2002, p. 378): 1. All the profit from investments belongs to the company and it can use it at its own discretion, carrying out their own long-term production and marketing strategies; 2. The firm can increase its profits thought gaining working experience in a large international market with the help of usages local cheap raw materials, labor, saving on transportation costs, etc., as well as expanding sales and conducting effective marketing activities; 3. Paying taxes to the budget of the foreign state and creating jobs, the company can secure a favorable image in government and among the population; 4. Due to establishing close favorable relations with suppliers, distributors, agents and customers the company can better adapt its products, services and marketing programs to the characteristics of the foreign market, thus constantly improving its competitiveness. Direct investment capital to the foreign market is carried out in two forms: the export of venture capital and loan capital. Venture capital imported into the international market in the form of direct and portfolio investment. Direct investment involves the purchase or acquisition of the total local company’s controlling stake. Portfolio investment means buying shares of local companies that are insufficient to establish control over them. Loan capital is loans provided by states, companies, banks, administrative regions, municipalities, etc. Loans divided on two groups: short-term (up to two years) and long term (over two years) (Kotler, 2002, p. 378).

Residency in Australia Residency Laws

Residency in Australia Residency Laws Clemens and commissioner of taxation [2015] AATA 124 (6 March 2015) 1. Issue and decision consider in chosen case: Introduction: The whole case is about backpackers who were foreign nationals each of whom stayed in Australia for more than 183 days in the tax year to 30 June 2013. Maximillian Clemens (the applicant) from Germany, who entered Australia in 3 October 2012 under working holiday visa with Subclass 417. He described himself as a visitor or temporary resident and he was not willing to stay in Australia permanently (austlii.edu.au, 2017). Maximillian Clemens was lived with his parents for about two weeks before moving to the campus of Universitat Koblenz-Landau. After that Mr. Clemens transferred to Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz where he lives, probably, in rental property. Maximillian Clemens dont have any assets in Australia, he stayed in 14 different hostel for some 45 days (from 3 October 2012 to 17 November 2012), which was locating at nearest area of New South Wales and Queensland, after that for period of 92 days applicant shared a bedroom with his friends (7 people) in Sydney (from 18 No vember 2012 to 18 February 2013), during that type of period the applicant worked in casual factory hand for Warringah Plastics Pty Ltd. From 19 February 2013 to 5 April 2013 the applicant was again lived in 12 different hostels which was located through out Australia, and on 6 April 2013 he arrived in Fiji for 8 days for island hopping trip. The applicant again entered in Australia on 14 April 2013. On 2 April 2013, an assessment form was stopped in the interest of the Applicant. On 22 July 2013, the Commissioner exhorted that he had finished a survey of the government form and presumed that the Applicant was not an occupant of Australia for the year finished 30 June 2013. On 26 July 2013 the Commissioner issued a Notice of Assessment evaluating the Applicant on his pay as a non-occupant. On 15 October 2013, Backpackers Buddy in the interest of the Applicant questioned the Notice of Assessment in light of the fact that he was an occupant of Australia for the year finished 30 June 2 013. On 14 February 2014, the Commissioner refused the protest. The Applicant now looks for an audit of that choice. The issues are: 1. The broad issue involved in this process is whether the applicant was a resident of Australia in the year ended 30 June 2013. 2. To get the permanent residency in Australia Clemens has to pass the following test: a. The ordinary concept test: The ordinary concept is the concept when person wants to stay permanently in Australia without any aim. In this whole case Mr. Clemens declared himself as a tourist and he wants journey in Australia on a working holiday visa, he had no any plan to reside Australia permanently. b. The Domicile test: The Domicile test is the test, when the persons parents are permanent resident of Australia and person have his own house where person can live their safely. Mr. Clemens has no any asset in Australia and his parents basically from Germany, so Mr. Clemens can not pass this test for permanent residency. c. The 183 day test: The 183 day test is the test when the person is permanent resident of Australia, when person reside in Australia for 183 days, in this case person reside in Australia for 186 days, therefore he declared himself as a resident of Australia as per 183 day test. d. The superannuation fund: The person is a member of certain superannuation fund. Maximillian Clemens was not a part of any kind of superannuation in Australia. Thats why he can not clear the superannuation test. So, in conclusion person will be a resident, if he or she permanently lived in Australia or have been in country more than half of the financial year, however person dont have any intention to live in Australia permanently. Clemens was a visitor, but he reside Australia more than 183 days. 2. The reasons for support the needs for proposed changes to the residency rules: The fundamental contrast in expense status is that non-inhabitants are not qualified for the tax-exempt edge, so salary is exhausted ideal from the principal dollar. For the 2012-13 year, there is no incremental assessment rate up to $80,000 wage yet a straight-up rate of 32.5%, albeit from that point the rates break even with Australian inhabitant rates. (Assess rates for 2011-12 were 29% up to $37,000, 30% to $80,000, from that point equivalent to occupant rates.) (Alan Lewis 2012). 3. Identify the relevant case with the topic: One of the case which is related to Clemens case is: 11 March 1515 Backpacker not resident of Australia under 183 day test Re Koustrup One of the person Danish origin who has spent total 287 days in Australia, when he came in this country during the financial year of 30 June 2013, which has been founded by Administrative appeals tribunal that he is not a resident of Australia during that financial year. This was one of three comparable cases heard together by the Tribunal. Since the reality designs in the three cases varied tangibly, the Tribunal gave isolate choices. The material standards and the choices for every situation were, be that as it may, the same. The choices were Re Koustrup, Re Jaczenko and Re Clemens. In every case, it was a commissioner, who battled that the applicant is not permanent resident of Australia. This was a result of the tax-exempt limit that applies to an inhabitant of Australia however which does not make a difference on account of an outside occupant. The presence of the tax-exempt edge with regards to an inhabitant offers ascend to a zero rate of expense applying to the main $18,200 of assessable wage. This is to be stood out from a rate of 32.5% which applies to the principal $18,200 of assessable wage, if the citizen is dealt with as an outside inhabitant. In Re Koustrup, the candidate entered Australia under a working occasion visa. She depicted herself as a guest or impermanent participant coming to Australia for the primary reason of having an occasion. She additionally assigned that her planned length of remain in Australia would be eight months. The candidate had no arrangements to live in Australia; she was a guest. While in Australia, the candidate stayed and worked for brief periods in different parts of Australia. After an aggregate remain of 287 days she came back to Denmark. 4. The facts and decision in chosen case: The facts and decisions in Clemens case are; the applicant or Clemens was a resident of Germany and he came to Australia on working holiday visa, he doesnt want to live in Australia permanently and he declared himself as a non resident of Australia. The decision in these case is relating to the question that, whether applicant is a resident of Australia or not: 1. Clemens intentions was not to live in Australia permanently. He just want to raise the fund for traveling through agriculture area. Subsequently, the expectation of the holidaymaker is a main consideration to get an assessable treatment as inhabitant in Australia. 2. The typical place of home (is a piece of the 183 day test) alludes to where the individual ordinarily or usually stays. 3. It is conceivable to have no typical place of house all. This would emerge in conditions where a man is moving about with no settled address which the individual would hold as his or her typical place of staying. This sort of individual is uncommon and has been alluded to as a supposed feathered creature of entry. 4. It is impractical to have at least two common spots of house a similar time. Where there are two contending spots of dwelling place should be evaluated, in view of all the accessible truths, as to which one seems to be regular. 5. It is, be that as it may, feasible for there to be two distinctive regular spots of habitation diverse circumstances. In this way, a man can have a typical place of home one area for a large portion of the assessment year and as a result of changed conditions that same individual can have an alternate common place of home the other portion of the year. 6. The holidaymakers are not part of superannuation fund, so they are not able to claim for superannuation fund. 7. While the Parliamentary goals are not generally important, it is significant that the different capabilities to the 183 day lead were sanctioned by Parliament all together that there might be no risk of regarding as inhabitants people who are absolutely guests: Illustrative Notes on Amendments contained in the Income Tax Assessment Bill 1930 to change the Income Tax Assessment Act 1922-29, page 11. Thus, foreigners or visitors on holidays or working in Australia who are more than 183 days in Australia, would not be permanent residents during their stay under this test, as their intention to stay in their home country and would not have an intention to stay in Australia permanently. PART B 1. Purpose of the bill: The four Bills in this bundle execute the Governments declaration on 27 September 2016 that working occasion creators (WHMs) would be saddled at a rate of 19 for each penny for money from this work up to $37,000, with common duty rates and limits applying from there on. Other components of the reported bundle incorporate expanding the expense on the Departing Australia Superannuation Payment to 95 for each penny, expanding the traveler development charge (PMC) by five dollars and decreasing the application charge for WHM visas by $50. Elements of the reported bundle that are excluded in the Bills and should be actualized through different changes are $10 million financing for Tourism Australia for an adolescent focused on promoting effort, changing visa conditions so that a business with premises in various locales can utilize a WHM for 12 months, with the WHM working up to six months in every area, and changing visa conditions so that the qualification age for a WHM visa is lifted from age 30 to age 35. The primary motivation behind the Working Holiday Makers Reform Bill 2016 is to build the agribusiness and tourism business in Australia (Koehler, 2013). This change helps the working holidaymakers to pay whats coming to them of expense. This change builds the income and the obtaining force of the Working Holiday Makers. The administration disentangle the control for the duty and streamline the visa direction by lessen the visa charges by 50$.This additionally increment the quantity of working holidaymakers every year. The primary motivation behind the changes is as per the following: 1. The Turnbull government needs to expand the quantity of Holidaymaker through the change in the bill. That expands the duty income of the administration from the holidaymakers (Malmberg and Miller, 2013). 2. The working holidaymakers are an extraordinary hotspot for the supply of the works in the horticulture part. The horticulture division produces 90% nourishment that expend in Australia. The farming part is an incredible donor towards the GDP of Australia. In this way, the need in supply of work amid the gathering season can diminish the efficiency in the farming area (Traversa, 2014). 3. The holidaymakers assist tourism industry with growing speedier. It is an incredible wellspring of their income. It likewise expands the income of the lodgings, inns, and eateries (Tricker, 2015). The holidaymakers are likewise work in the eateries and inns as a server or a room benefit at a low work charge than neighborhood residents. It helps the proprietor to expand their benefits. 4. The administration needs to record data about the working holidaymakers and their bosses. They take the data about their pay, work charge, motivating forces and so on. Along these lines, it is feasible for the legislature to decrease the misuse of the working holidaymakers. 2. WHMR bill 2016, in the context of Clemens and Commissioner of taxation As indicated by the WHMR charge 2016, Clemens is alien in Australia with the end goal of salary charge. The duty treatment for her ought to continue as per the accompanying tenets. While, Clemens gains under 37000 the duty rate will be 19%. While, Clemens profit surpasses $37000 yet under $80000 than the duty rate will be 32.5%. Once more, if the profit of Clemens surpass $80000 yet under $180000 the duty rate will be 37%. While the profit of Clemens more noteworthy than $180000 the duty rate will be 45%. As Clemens is not an occupant in Australia, in this manner the assessable salary of Clemens ought to regard as an outside occupant. The Clemens is not qualified for the home exception in the expense treatment (Dowling 2014). Accept that Clemens win $200000 in a budgetary year. Taxable income Tax rate Less than $80000 32.5 per cent Exceeds $80000 but does not over $180000 37 per cent Over $180000 45 per cent References: 1.http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/AATA/2015/124.htmlstem=0synonyms=0query=clemens 2. Alan Lewis Accountant, August 29 2012 http://www.lewistaxation.com.au/tax/general-tax/resident-for-tax-purposes 3. The tax Institute http://www.taxinstitute.com.au/news/backpacker-not-resident-of-australia-under-183-day-test-re-koustrup 4. http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd1617a/17bd030 5. http://www.mytaxresidency.com/australia/residency-test-2-the-domicile-test 6. Dowling, G. R. (2014). The curious case of corporate tax avoidance: Is it socially irresponsible?. Journal of Business Ethics, 124(1), 173-184 7. Koehler, M. (2013). An Examination of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Issues. Richmond Journal  of Global Law Business, 12, 3. 8. Malmberg, C., Miller, A. B. (2013). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Am. Crim. L. Rev., 50, 1077

Free Essays on Picture of Dorian Gray: The Sin of Dorian :: The Picture of Dorian Gray Essays

The Sin of Dorian Gray The beauty of Dorian Gray lies within his youth, but ugly of sin. It is said that something is beauitful than it's not confined to realm of morality and immorality. He beautiful people are immoral. So he purse his curiosity of pleasure by using his body. As a temple of beauty his body it used for exotic pleasure for his twisted mind. Also he tried to evade other moral laws to the purse of pleasure. His soul is unclean of sin and ugliness of a pleasure life. Dorian Gray's innocence's of youthful mind is destroyed. To a corrupt failed life of virtue, but from downfall bad influences. Yet ideal influencing of passion counterbalanced him. There is a contrast in that of age and youth to good vs. evil. The author Oscar Wilde of the novel represents a theme of corruption. Dorian Gray's life goes back and forth of moral and immoral perspectives. Dorian Gray's life style and mind is corrupted as a result of a sinful life. The Picture of Dorian Gray presents the relationship of beauty and morality. Dorian Gray is beautiful and immoral to age that is corrupt together. The immoral body of Dorian Gray is beauty. For example, he is immorally beauitful, and the portrait morally ugly. From his prayer to tranform to the protrait which bears all, and forever remain young. In fact, his beauty is immoral from it ugliness of horror able trail of self-indulgences. On the other hand, his soul is immoral, but has a twist of innocence in the portrait. Dorian Gray is totally self-conscious about his beauty. So he lives by a philosophy of life. There is society it is all conventions from fidelity in marriage to charity toward the poor. To be hypocritical cover for people's selfish motives is his weigh. He is ridicules the goals of philanthripy and he's swept away by this logic. Dorian Gray is a complete aesthete, living his life in search of beauty and pleasure to the exclusion of all moral responsibility. He places no limits on the kinds of pleasures he allows himself. Every act he made was craven and selfish acts. These searches ensure his beauty. He is very aware that youth and beauty is all he is and has therefore he lives. There is a moral conflict between good and evil which result innocence temptation.

The Myth of the Lost Cause :: American America History

The Myth of the Lost Cause Following the defeat of the Confederacy and to lift the morale of a shattered people momentum gathered to enshrine the Myth of the Lost Cause which would transform the Southern soldier living and dead, into a veritable hero. In order to come to terms with defeat and a look of failure in the eyes of God, Southerners mentally transformed their memories of the antebellum South. It became a superior civilization of great purity which had been cruelly brought down by the materialistic Yankees. At the head of this revival was the memory of Stonewall Jackson, closely followed by Robert E. Lee (who would rise to the prominent position following his death in 1870). Other generals of the Confederacy who had died during the war followed, as did those who would pass on later. D.H. Hill, a friend of Longstreet published LAND WE LOVE, a magazine devoted to Literature, Military History and Agriculture. In 1869 Hill sold out to a Baltimore periodical, NEW ECLECTIC, which in the same year became the SOUTHERN MAGAZINE, official organ of the SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. In 1871 it changed its name to the SOUTHERN MAGAZINE and together with a later periodical, SOUTHERN BIVOUAC kept the memory of the War alive and fresh in the public mind. Filled with poems and stories of loyalty to the LOST CAUSE sent in by veterans. Hill was Stonewall Jackson's brother in law and he filled the magazine with stories, anecdotes and poems of the now legendary general. Other Confederate heroes received their share of attention from a flood of material supplied by readers commemorating Southern dead and using religion to explain the defeat. Book - writing was prolific in the '70s & '80s mainly from veterans but much on the romanticism of the Cause from women. The most prominent of the writer of the period was John Esten Cooke, who was related by birth and marriage to virtually all the prominent families of Virginia he helped enshrine the Confederate dead into chivalric knights and symbols of the LOST CAUSE. Cooke's impressive literary output polarized Southern perceptions of the War transforming the stigma of defeat into a badge of honour that Confederate veterans could wear proudly. His portrayal of the War as a wonderful adventure, in which participation was an honour. When Lee died on 12 Oct. 1870 he was one of a significant number of Confederate heroes running second to Jackson.

Functions of festivals in Early Modern Europe :: European Europe History

Functions of festivals in Early Modern Europe 'What were the functions of popular festivals, etc. in Early Modern Europe? And why did the authorities, civil and ecclesiastical seek to control or suppress them?' In Early Modern Europe festivals were the setting for heroes and their stories, to be celebrated by the populace. They posed a change from their everyday life. In those days people lived in remembrance of one festival and in expectance of the next. Different kinds of festivals were celebrated in different ways. There were festivals that marked an individual occasion and weren't part of the festival calendar, like family festivals such as weddings and christenings. Some took place at the same time every year and were for everyone, like community festivals like the different saints' days. Pilgrimages took place all year round. Annuals festivals like Christmas and Midsummer always took place on the same day every year. In those days the average village in Western Europe celebrated at least 17 festivals annually, not counting family occasions and saints' days. Some festivals, such as Carnival, lasted several days or sometimes even several weeks. In the Netherlands Carnival started every year at the 11th of November (St. Martin) and culminated in a big festival of 'Dranck, pleijsier ende vrouwen' (Drink, fun and women) at the end of the Carnival period, preceding the period of Lent. Festivals were meant to take the minds of the people off their everyday life , off the hard times and their work. Everyday life in Early Modern Europe was filled with rituals, both religious and secular. Songs and stories played an important role in their lives, although they sometimes adjusted the details of the legends and stories to fit the way they thought a certain festival should take place. Popular culture was mixed with ecclesiastical culture in many ways. The story of St. John the Baptist is a good example of this. The ancient ritual of bathing and lighting fires during Midsummer's Eve was a remnant of a ritual from the pre-Christian period. Fire and water, symbols of purification, could be seen as the tools of St. John the Baptist, and therefore a combination of the two elements of popular and ecclesiastical culture was obvious. It looks as if the Medieval Church took over the festival and made it theirs. The same thing happened to the Midwinter Festival, which became linked with the birth of Christ, on 25 December.

Workers Trapped After Chilean Copper Mine Collapse” Article Found in the Electronic Reserve Readings

The use of the Career Interest Profiler displayed that I was Teamwork centered portraying a work culture towards: working in a close knit team, working closely with customers and suppliers, lots of interdependence, friendly and supportive colleagues, cooperative and sharing atmosphere. The next trait of the Career Interest Profiler displayed that I was an Expert portraying a work culture towards: varied and ground breaking work, high emphasis on specialist expertise and lots of specialist roles, high engagement-people encouraged to express opinion, innovation, creative atmosphere, control your own work schedule and organization, dynamic an changing environment. The last trait of the Career interest Profiler displayed that I was Supportive portraying a work culture towards: secure, stable environment, clearly defined jobs, goals and expectation, no conflicting demands, considerate management, focus on employee welfare, lots of personal development and feedback, lots of recognition and celebration of success, and fun place to work. The Career interest Profiler reviled that I am a leader whom can work under pressure and also create an employee friendly working environment. A person who put people first and would treat employees the way I want to be treated. As a Navy Officer, Basketball player and today in my career field I’m often counted on to lead people. My approach when working with people has always been to be honest, fair and treat a person with respect and acknowledge the positive in a person because everyone will tell you when you’re doing something wrong. My Strengths in Competencies displayed I was very strong in Innovating, Coping with Pressure, and Adapting to Change. These Competencies top my measuring scale with four bars out of possible five. The Applying Expertise and Adhering to Values on the measuring scale showed two out of five possible bars and the last Competency Strength displayed Strategizing which displayed one out of five possible bars. After reviewing my Strengths in Competencies, it demonstrated to me that I can work under pressure, meet deadlines, and confirmed that I can accept change. This is true because working in my profession the Laws are always changing and the technology is always changing as well. The Work Culture Preferences displayed that I was Artistic, Conventional and Enterprising. It also showed my Career matches being Business and financial Operations, Management, Sales and Related, Legal, Community and Social Service, Personal Care and Service. This is very unique because I gave 6 years to the Military as public service, worked as a Youth Detention Officer, Youth Worker and now for the Department of Veterans Affairs as an Advocate for Veterans. The possible employers that would fit with my provided competencies would be a College, University, High school, Government, City of State Office, Police Department, Prison, Department Store, and Owner of Private business. The possible jobs that would align with my work culture preferences would be a Head basketball Coach, Detective, Police Captain, EEO Officer, and Human Resources Specialist, or Management staff. The ways in which understanding my personal competencies will help me improve my critical thinking skills is to evaluate all information I receive before making a decision on any level. This is best described for me, as receiving all the needed facts before I make any critical decision. My competencies strengths also are utilized in all efforts to help me evaluate an argument. The best example of me using my competencies strengths during an argument is when I’m engaged with a veteran who is irate, and also talking very loudly during an interview for VA benefits at my place of work. I always take control of the situation, by speaking in a much lower tone and always letting the veteran finish his statement. Most often by acknowledging the veteran and having the facts when the veteran is presenting sometimes calms them down.

Poetry †Alliteration Essay

The first poem ‘Sonnet 130’ by William Shakespeare has a humorous view on the traditional ideas of beauty. The poem is a five duplet metre with the stressed sounds starting on the second word of each line. Each line has the same amount of stressed and unstressed patterns which is very common for sonnets to make it quick and easy to read. The five duplet pattern never mimics human speech in the way a four duplet pattern does. The end of each alternating line has a distinct rhyming pattern which goes on throughout the poem. There is also an assonance pattern with each of these words. The first line ‘My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun’ shows use of a simile the same as most of the last line ‘I think my love as rare as†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ More use of similes could have been made in the following lines. There is an example of weak alliteration in line eleven ‘I grant I never saw a goddess go’ There is a metaphor in line four when he talks about his mistress’ hair, saying they are ‘black wires’, this view today would be a completely different view from when the poem was written. In our modern time we think of electrical wires coming out of her head. Most of the poem gives negative connotations, the words ‘sun’, ‘red coral’, ‘perfume’ and ‘music’ provides beautiful images. The denotations are her eyes do not shine like the bright sun, her breath ‘reeks’ unlike the smell of perfume and her voice is not pleasant to hear unlike music. The second poem Philip Larkin’s ‘The Trees’ is a twelve line poem that seems to compare the life of a tree to human life. In each stanza the first and fourth line, the end word rhymes with one another along with the second and third last word also rhyming. There is a four duplet pattern with the stressed pattern on the second syllable of each line. Each of these words show a clear assonance pattern with the words ‘thresh’ and ‘afresh’ repeated three times, when spoken aloud almost sound like the wind rustling through the leaves of the tree.

Discuss the Political, Social, and Economic Impact of the Civil War on the US

The total number of military causalities on both sides exceeded 1 million. More men died in the Civil War than in all other American wars combined until Vietnam. However, the Civil War impacted the United States well beyond just deaths. The Civil war brought fundamental alterations in the life of the nation, changing the economy, the political landscape, as well as ways of life. Economically, wartime measures had introduced new federal involvement in both he banking and transportation systems.The National Bank Acts of 1863, 1864, and 1865 helped to create a uniform currency in the nation. It also forced many major state institutions to join the national system. This gave the federal government even greater control over the economy of the nation. This also allowed for the government to assist in the establishment of businesses. There was also rapid and mass industrialization that took place in both the North and South. Such was needed in order to supply all the products needed to surv ive as well as fight this modern war.This brought about the Second Industrial Revolution. Much money was invested into public transportation, especially the railroads, in order to allow for easier and swifter transportation and communication. The government had also exercised its power to support manufacturing and business interests via means of tariffs, loans, and subsides. With the support from the government, there came a rise of capitalists. The extremely rich elites invested their money in a business and in turn created even larger profits. The War also, for the first time, brought economic unity to the US.The South joined the market system, abandoning their former semi-subsistence economy. Industrialization and large economic enterprises clearly had arrived to stay. Politically, important changes had accompanied the maintenance of the national unity. Under Republican leadership, the federal government had expanded its power not only to preserve the Union but also to extend its freedom. Through the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, freedom was given to all slaver. However, this did not grant them any rights nor did it grant them equality in any form.The executive offense definitely expanded its power, exercising martial law as well as suspending habeas corpus during the war. Constitutionally, this war shut the door on secession for it was determined as unconstitutional. Nullification also no longer existed, showing that federal law was supreme. State government must yield to the federal government. The only way to change a law that a state legislature disagrees with is by bringing it before the Supreme Court. Other than this, the state was not allowed to decide on the constitutionality a federal law.The federal government also extended its reach into the economic realm by implementing the National Banking Acts which gave it more power in the economy. Life during and after the Civil War shifted drastically. Life the south has dr amatically altered. Greater awareness of class inequality came about as there were unfair draft laws. The Civil War in the south was truly the rich man’s war, but the poor man’s battle. Many of the ordinary folks sacrificed necessities, while the rich only had to give up their luxuries at most.The south soon also realized that the semi-subsistence culture would not work if they wanted to become independent or fight this modern war against the North. So, the South had to turn to industrialization. Along with the North, industrialization occurred rapidly. This devalued human labor, causing wages to plummet. Along with massive inflations, the gap between the rich and the poor in society grew larger and larger. Despite emancipation, blacks were guaranteed nothing more than freedom. This left a population of poor blacks who were left to fend for themselves.Slavery disappeared, but racism still ran strong. In fact, racism probably ran stronger than ever before. The war also expanded the role of women in society. In the absence of men, women had to step up to fill the spots that were left open. This allowed for women to gain even greater freedom and economic power. War had come and gone, changing many things in its path. Wartime actions taken by the government of the United States spurred on the economy, changed the political arena, and also altered America’s society forever.

Comparison and Contrast of Hispanic Culture and Anglo-American Culture Essay

There is no universal culture amongst the world society as each community embraces a unique culture that guides and defines their behavior. The differences that are exhibited within any particular group of people in a country or a cultural group are usually greater than those differences that may be in a homogeneous group. The differences are usually noted in level of education, social standing, religious beliefs, personality definition, previous experiences, and affection that prevails in the home among other many factors that have an influence on human behavioral and cultural practices. Cultural differences are persistent even in the globalized world. It is therefore important to take note of the differences in order to have good knowledge of the customs, beliefs, values and norms of the divergent cultural groups. Cross cultural studies therefore are essential as they assist in coming up with a comparison of the various cultural differences that is observed in the various ethnic groups. When conducting cross-cultural studies, comparison becomes the main essence of the study thereby ensuring that generalized assumptions are inevitable as the researchers seek to categorize the cultural groups. We need however to be cautious that generalizations may lead to serious negative impacts especially when they are made from faulty observations. This paper shall aspire to give a comparison and contrast of the Hispanics and the Anglo-American cultures Hispanics: An analysis of the Hispanic community in the United States is not an easy task as there are several Hispanic groups in the country having different backgrounds especially in relation to their point of origin. The Hispanics are therefore not a single group with similar cultural characteristics as they exhibit differences in regard to political views, customs, religious beliefs, familial and other conventions that distinguish each group from the others. The focus on the Hispanics in this paper shall focus on four categories which include the Mexicans Americans, the Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans, and those from the Central American region. The Mexican Americans trace their place of origin from Mexico while the Puerto Ricans are considered the citizens of the United States given that Puerto Rico is a United States’ territory. The Cuban Americans on the other hand are those who fled Cuba due to the political and economical turmoil that has been experienced in their country for quite some time. Lastly, the Hispanics from the central part of the Americas are said to have originated from various countries in the region (Kanellos, 1994). The Anglo-Americans: The Anglo-American refers to the ethnic group of individuals of European origin. The term ‘Anglo’ has come to be used to refer to the English speaking Americans with little reference to their particular origin more like the term Hispanic has been used to refer to the various groups that make the Native American population. The Anglo-Americans comprise of English speaking Americans who are in most instances Protestants with minority of them adhering to the Roman Catholicism. The term Anglo-American has been used to refer to all those individuals who originated from countries that traditionally spoke English as their main language and also those whose families have adopted the English speaking culture in the United States and Canada to perfection (Diaz-Guerrero & Szalay, 1991). Comparison and Contrast of the Hispanic and the Anglo-American Cultures: As stated earlier, there are various groups in the United States which form the larger Hispanic category. Nevertheless, the different groupings within the Hispanic block have distinct features which come out especially when compared to the Anglo-American way of doing things. The Mexican Americans for instance, are known to speak Spanish and they are taught in bi-lingual classes which involves English as their second language. The Mexican Americans have various values which are unique of the Anglo-Americans. The familial values of the Mexican Americans for instance are uniquely different from that exhibited by the Anglo-Americans. The Mexico Americans for instance emphasizes on the social structure that is rooted in the family unit (Kanellos, 1994). Though the women are greatly respected in their culture, the Mexican Americans holds that the women are inferior to their husbands in the homes. The husband is seen as the figure of authority and the chief decision maker for the family. They usually cherish large families and extended family ties are maintained. This is in contrast to the typical Anglo-American culture where both the man and woman in the house enjoy equal or almost equal right in the decision making process for the family. The family is based on democratic principles and small nuclear families are cherished. The bond for extended family ties is usually loose in the setting of the Anglo-American culture. Most Mexican Americans are also observed as Catholics and they put emphasis on the holding of religious moral values than their Anglo-American counterparts. Politically, the Mexican Americans have not been quick to stamp their authority in the political landscape within the United States save for the appointment of Alberto Gonzales as America’s Attorney General (Kanellos, 1994). This is in contrast to their Anglo-Americans who have dominated the political scene with most being identified with the Republican Party. Economically, the Mexico-Americans have remained generally sidelined as their Anglo-Americans counterparts continue to dominate the economic landscape. From the study done in 1989 it was revealed that Mexicans Americans earned 21% wages lower than the Anglo-Americans. Though these statistics can no longer be relied upon die to the passage of time, there still remains a significant gap between economic gains by these two groups (Franklin, 2010). The Puerto Ricans are well known for their general proficiency in Spanish and English languages. This concept has made life for this group of Hispanics more bearable than any of the other Hispanic groups. Contrary to the Mexican Americans, most of the households amongst the Puerto Ricans are headed by females. The Puerto Ricans submit to various religious groups which include Baptism, Catholics, Methodist and any other of the world religion more like their Anglo-Americans counterparts. Politically, the Puerto Rican have limited access to the same rights and political privileges enjoyed by any other American citizen though Puerto Rico is considered a United States’ territory from the year 1917. They are for instance not allowed to take part in presidential election. They are however exempted from paying the federal income tax. Though they have limitation on the rights associated with citizenship, the Puerto Ricans continue to enjoy exceptional unrestricted US migration (Diaz -Guerrero & Szalay, 1991). The Cuban Americans have come from a difficult background that was characterized by unstable political environment in their backyard and difficult economic conditions. They however carried with them much of the Spanish culture given that the Spanish had great influence on the Caribbean Island. Most of the Cuban Americans are Catholics though some traces of Protestantism, Jewish, Santeria, and nonreligious beliefs can be traced. It has however been noted that most Cuban Americans have been assimilated in the mainstream culture meaning that they have taken most of the Anglo-American culture leaving their own though they have kept a small portion of their original culture (Diaz -Guerrero & Szalay, 1991). The other Spanish group from the Central American region comprise of the Venezuelan Americans most of whom are Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese. Though most of them came to stay in America after the completion of their college studies in the US, they still maintain their familial ties which are very strong. They imbue in their children the value of family as an important aspect of the society at an early age. The familial ties are so strong that they at tomes make it hard for them to get assimilated in the American mainstream culture. Most of the Venezuelan Americans are Catholics though most do not hold religion in high esteem as the other Hispanic groups (Franklin, 2010). Other general aspects of the Hispanic groups’ culture include privacy which is only handled by the family members. They value modestly as part of their culture and that the area between the waist and the knees is considered as private. This is not common with the Anglo-Americans who are often exposes their body parts that would otherwise be considered private in Hispanic culture. The old members of the family are greatly respected given their experience with life. In regard to health practice, the Hispanics are known to be emotionally expressive and individuals are expected to be pampered when they fall ill. To most Hispanics, birth control measures are not entertained a part from the natural ones given that most are Catholics. They also view thinness as a problem and plumpness is considered ideal. This is in contrast to the Anglo-Americans who are pragmatic on heath issues and readily accept the birth control methods and also despise plumpness of the body (Culturediversity. rg, 2008). In a study conducted by Pablo G. Cardona, Bonnie C. Nicholson, and Robert A. Fox, in the year 2000 entitled ‘Parenting Among Hispanic and Anglo-American Mothers With Young Children’ it was found that Hispanic mothers had higher frequency of discipline and a lower frequency of nurturing with their young children compared to their Anglo-American counterparts though no differences were recorded in the expectations of both the Hispanic and Anglo-America n mothers (Cardona, Nicholson, and Fox, 2000). Conclusion: The cultural comparisons between the two cultural categories can go on and on without any sign of stopping any soon. The cultural differences observed between the Hispanics and the Anglo-Americans are reflected most in the familial affiliation, language, and religion. Most of the Hispanic groups in the United States have very strong family bonds, they subscribe to the Catholic faith and that they speak Spanish. This contrasts with the Anglo-Americans who speak English as their first language, have loose familial bonds and Protestantism is their main religion. Nevertheless, among the Hispanic groups are some differences especially in regard to how they have been able to get assimilated to the American lifestyle. The Puerto Ricans and the Cuban Americans are the most assimilated followed by the Venezuela Americans who are in the middle of being assimilated whereas the Mexican Americans are the least assimilated.